Vehicular Fog Computing Enabled Real-time Collision Warning via Trajectory Calibration

Vehicular fog computing (VFC) has been envisioned as a promising paradigm for enabling a variety of emerging intelligent transportation systems (ITS). However, due to inevitable as well as non-negligible issues in wireless communication, including transmission latency and packet loss, it is still challenging in implementing safety-critical applications, such as real-time collision warning in vehicular networks. In this paper, we present a vehicular fog computing architecture, aiming at supporting effective and real-time collision warning by offloading computation and communication overheads to distributed fog nodes. With the system architecture, we further propose a trajectory calibration based collision warning (TCCW) algorithm along with tailored communication protocols. Specifically, an application-layer vehicular-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication delay is fitted by the Stable distribution with real-world field testing data. Then, a packet loss detection mechanism is designed. Finally, TCCW calibrates real-time vehicle trajectories based on received vehicle status including GPS coordinates, velocity, acceleration, heading direction, as well as the estimation of communication delay and the detection of packet loss. For performance evaluation, we build the simulation model and implement conventional solutions including cloud-based warning and fog-based warning without calibration for comparison. Real-vehicle trajectories are extracted as the input, and the simulation results demonstrate that the effectiveness of TCCW in terms of the highest precision and recall in a wide range of scenarios

The alterations in molecular markers and signaling pathways in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, a study with transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis

BackgroundAt present, the alterations in molecular markers and signaling pathways in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) remain unclear. We aimed to compare the difference of molecular markers and signaling pathways in patients with CTEPH and healthy people with transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis.MethodsWe prospectively included 26 patients with CTEPH and 35 sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers as control. We extracted RNA from whole blood samples to construct the library. Then, qualified libraries were sequenced using PE100 strategy on BGIseq platform. Subsequently, the DESeq2 package in R was used to screen differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DElncRNAs) of 7 patients with CTEPH and 5 healthy volunteers. Afterwards, we performed functional enrichment and protein–protein interaction analysis of DEmRNAs. We also performed lncRNA-mRNA co-expression analysis and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network construction. In addition, we performed diagnostic analysis on the GSE130391 dataset. Finally, we performed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of genes in 19 patients with CTEPH and 30 healthy volunteers.ResultsGender and age between patients with CTEPH and healthy controls, between sequencing group and in vitro validation group, were comparable. A total of 437 DEmRNAs and 192 DElncRNAs were obtained. Subsequently, 205 pairs of interacting DEmRNAs and 232 pairs of lncRNA-mRNA relationship were obtained. DEmRNAs were significantly enriched in chemokine signaling pathway, metabolic pathways, arachidonic acid metabolism, and MAPK signaling pathway. Only one regulation pathway of SOBP-hsa-miR-320b-LINC00472 was found through ceRNA network construction. In diagnostic analysis, the area under curve (AUC) values of LINC00472, PIK3R6, SCN3A, and TCL6, respectively, were 0.964, 0.893, 0.750, and 0.732.ConclusionThe identification of alterations in molecules and pathways may provide further research directions on pathogenesis of CTEPH. Additionally, LINC00472, PIK3R6, SCN3A, and TCL6 may act as the potential gene markers in CTEPH

Additional file 1 of Clinical characteristics and mortality predictors among very old patients with pulmonary thromboembolism: a multicenter study report

Additional file 1: Supplement. Echocardiography in very old patients with PTE